What changed with Turkey’s 12th Judicial Package (Law No. 7589)? The action for an unquantified claim is gone, and AI does not know
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Short answer: Law No. 7589, known publicly as the 12th Judicial Package (12. Yargı Paketi), was published in the Official Gazette (Resmî Gazete) on 31 July 2026. It abolished the action for an unquantified claim (belirsiz alacak davası, Art. 107) in the HMK (Code of Civil Procedure); it allowed the claim in a partial action (kısmi dava) to be increased once, set a three-month limit on the interval between hearings, and changed when interest starts to run on compensation for bodily harm under the TBK (Code of Obligations), the appeal route under the İYUK (Law on Administrative Judicial Procedure) and the objection period of the Chief Public Prosecutor of the Court of Cassation under the CMK (Code of Criminal Procedure). Because AI models’ knowledge ends before this date, they do not know about these changes: in our test, two models got none of eight questions right. The same model, connected to Yargı PRO, answered all eight correctly.
The main provisions amended by Law No. 7589#
| Provision | What changed | In force from |
|---|---|---|
| HMK Art. 107 | The action for an unquantified claim was repealed. It continues to apply to actions brought before the repeal (Law No. 7589, provisional Art. 1(10)). | 31.07.2026 |
| HMK Art. 109(4) | In a partial action, the claim may be increased once in the same action, up to the end of the evidentiary stage (tahkikat), without being subject to the prohibition on expanding the claim; limitation is also treated as interrupted on the filing date for the increased part. | 31.07.2026 |
| HMK Art. 147(3) | The interval between hearings may not exceed three months; where necessary, the judge may set a longer period by giving reasons. | 31.07.2026 |
| HMK Art. 149(4) | For those taking part in a hearing by audio and video link, the provisions on handwritten signatures do not apply, except for admission, taking an oath, consent to withdrawal of the action, waiver, acceptance of the claim and settlement (ikrar, yemin, davanın geri alınmasına muvafakat, feragat, kabul, sulh). | 31.10.2026 |
| HMK Arts. 166, 168, 362(3) | The rules on joinder of actions, on legal remedies against joinder and separation decisions, and on appeal to the Court of Cassation after the regional appeal stage were redrawn. | 31.07.2026 |
| TBK Art. 55 | In compensation for loss of earning capacity and loss of financial support, statutory interest runs from the date of the incident for the period in which earnings are known, and from the date of the judgment for the period in which they are not; amounts paid by way of performance before the evidentiary stage begins are set off proportionally. It applies to incidents occurring after entry into force (Law No. 7589, provisional Art. 1(9)). | 31.07.2026 |
| TCK Art. 158(4) | Where participation in fraud is limited to giving someone else a payment instrument such as a bank or credit card, or the information that gives access to an account, the penalty is reduced by half. (TCK = Turkish Penal Code.) | 31.07.2026 |
| Law No. 2576, Art. 7 | The threshold for actions for annulment and full remedy actions heard by a single judge in the administrative court is 486,000 TL. | 31.07.2026 |
| İYUK Art. 46(2) | In cases not on the list of cases open to appeal, the decision a regional administrative court gives anew after setting aside the first-instance decision can be appealed within 30 days. Single-judge cases, cases under Laws No. 4081, 3091 and 6458, differences below the monetary threshold and decisions solely on attorney’s fees or costs are excluded. | 31.07.2026 |
| CMK Art. 308 | The Chief Public Prosecutor of the Court of Cassation objects to criminal chamber decisions within three months from the date the file is delivered to that office. | 31.07.2026 |
| TMK Art. 444 | Immovable property of a person under guardianship is sold by public auction on an electronic sales portal integrated with UYAP (the Turkish e-justice system). (TMK = Turkish Civil Code.) | 31.10.2026 |
Read the full text of the provisions at the source: Law No. 7589 (in Turkish). Under the law’s entry-into-force article, the amendments to HMK Art. 149 and TMK Arts. 440 and 444 took effect three months after publication (31.10.2026) and the remaining provisions on the date of publication (31.07.2026); Article 3, on the Council of State Law, applies from 23.07.2026.
The action for an unquantified claim: abolished, but existing cases continue#
HMK Art. 107 allowed an action to be brought for a minimum amount where the amount of the claim could not be determined at the outset, as with employment receivables. Law No. 7589 repealed the article with effect from 31 July 2026. Two points to watch:
- Existing cases: Actions for an unquantified claim brought before this date continue to be heard under Art. 107.
- New cases: A partial action is brought for part of the claim; under the new Art. 109(4) the claim can be increased once, up to the end of the evidentiary stage, and limitation is also treated as interrupted on the filing date for the increased part.
A real search: do AI models know these changes?#
On 3 November 2026 we asked two AI models 8 questions on these changes: Claude (Opus 5.5) and Gemini 4. We ran Claude once without tools and once connected to Yargı PRO. In every question we asked for the current provision “as of November 2026”. We scored the answers against the current text of the law.
| Model | Correct | Partly correct | Wrong | “I do not know” |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude, no tools | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| Gemini 4, no tools | 0 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
| Claude, connected to Yargı PRO | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
What the wrong answers have in common is that they present the old rule as the current one:
- “Can an action for an unquantified claim be brought today?” Both models said “Yes, it can” and cited HMK Art. 107. Claude connected to Yargı PRO wrote that the article had been repealed by Law No. 7589, and described the new option to increase the claim in a partial action in its place.
- “What is the objection period of the Chief Public Prosecutor of the Court of Cassation?” Both models said “thirty days”. The new period is three months from the date the file is delivered to that office.
- “Can a regional administrative court decision given after setting aside the first-instance decision be appealed?” Both models said “it cannot be appealed; it is final”. The new İYUK Art. 46(2) opened these decisions to appeal, subject to the listed exceptions.
The models are not bad; their knowledge simply stops at a certain date. Claude said its own knowledge ended in June 2026, while the law was published on 31 July. Even when a model says “I cannot verify changes after my knowledge cut-off date”, it often still writes the old rule. All the questions, answers and scores from the test: How accurate is AI on Turkish law?
What to do when working with AI#
- Have legislation retrieved from its source. If your AI can access the current text of legislation, it takes the article from the current text on mevzuat.gov.tr rather than from memory. Check whether the answer gives the amending law and article (as in “7589/19 md.”, Law No. 7589, Art. 19) and a mevzuat.gov.tr link; open the link and check the text.
- Ask about the date. Ask: “Is this article in force today, and which law last amended it?”
- Check the transitional provision. Whether a provision applies to existing cases is often set out in a provisional article of the amending law.
To connect your AI to legislation and case law: How to connect Claude, ChatGPT and Gemini to Turkish law sources. Legislation search is included in every plan; the 14-day trial includes Pro access and requires no payment details. Details: Pricing.
Frequently asked questions
Has the action for an unquantified claim been abolished?
Yes. HMK (Code of Civil Procedure) Art. 107 was repealed by Article 19 of Law No. 7589 with effect from 31 July 2026. Art. 107 continues to apply to actions for an unquantified claim brought before that date. In new cases a partial action is brought; under Art. 109(4) the claim can be increased once, up to the end of the evidentiary stage.
Which law is the 12th Judicial Package?
The legislation known publicly as the 12th Judicial Package is Law No. 7589, adopted on 16 July 2026 and published in Official Gazette No. 33326 of 31 July 2026.
Why does AI not know about these changes?
A model’s knowledge stops at a certain date; the Claude in our test said its knowledge ended in June 2026. If your AI cannot access the current text of legislation, it may present the old rule as if it were current.